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Latest Articles
Product Viscosity Versus Shear
Feb 11 2013 06:50 PM | Steve Hall in Fluid Flow
Many products are known to be “shear thinning,” which is a term given to materials that exhibit a decrease in viscosity when force is exerted. The viscosity of pseudoplastic fluids decreases with shear, and recovers quickly when the shear is removed. Examples include paper pulp in water, latex paint, molasses, and pharmaceutical suspensions (such as certain cough syrups).
Valve Sizing and Selection
Dec 05 2011 03:20 PM | Chris Haslego in Fluid Flow
Sizing flow valves is a science with many rules of thumb that few people agree on.In this article I'll try to define a more standard procedure for sizing a valve as well as helping to select the appropriate type of valve.**Please note that the corr...
Falling Film Evaporators in the Food Industry
Nov 08 2010 01:40 PM | Chris Haslego in Heat Transfer
That orange juice that you had this morning sure tasted good didn't it??? Did you ever wonder how they get it concentrated into that little can??? Chances are the manufacturers used a falling film evaporator.?? Falling film evaporators are especially p...
Flow Through Orifice Plates in Compressible Flu...
Nov 08 2010 01:40 PM | dkirk in Safety and Pressure Relief
The calculation of compressible flow through orifice plates at high dP (critical flow) appears to be carried out incorrectly in most instances. This flow condition is often encountered on gas plants, compressor stations and pipelines where orifice plat...
Heat Exchanger Effectiveness
Nov 08 2010 01:40 PM | Chris Haslego in Heat Transfer
Calculating heat exchanger effectiveness allows engineers to predict how a given heat exchanger will perform a new job. Essentially, it helps engineers predict the stream outlet temperatures without a trial-and-error solution that would otherwise be ne...
Extractive Distillation: An In-Depth Look
Nov 08 2010 01:40 PM | Chris Haslego in Separation Technology
Distillation is the most widely used separation technique in the chemical and petroleum industry. However, not all liquid mixture are amenable to ordinary fractional distillation. When the components of the system have low relative volatilities (1.00...
Plate Heat Exchangers: Preliminary Design
Nov 08 2010 12:50 PM | Chris Haslego in Heat Transfer
Numerous articles have been published regarding the advantages of compact heat exchangers. Briefly, their higher heat transfer coefficients, compact size, ease of service, cost effectiveness, and their unique ability to handle fouling fluids make compa...
Statistical Process Control: Process and Qualit...
Jul 14 2012 06:50 PM | Chris Haslego in Process and Reactions
Statistical Process Control (SPC) provides a way to monitor chemical and other processes. We'll focus on continuous chemical processes and how the process and quality control departments utilize SPC.Process control engineers use SPC to monitor a process's stability, consistency and overall performance.Quality control engineers use SPC to see if the process is functioning within quality standards.In industry, these two departments work together to monitor a chemical process.
Water Chemistry and Treatment
Jun 03 2012 06:50 PM | Chris Haslego in Utilities
Water is a natural solvent. Rain water is acidic due to carbon dioxide picked up in the atmosphere. Water and CO2 make carbonic acid (acid rain). Water hardness is primarily calcium and magnesium. Calcium is limestone - common throughout Midwest. Acid water dissolves limestone, iron, and other minerals in soil.
Estimating Heat Capacities for Solutions with D...
Nov 08 2010 01:40 PM | Chris Haslego in Calculations and Tips
Often times it is necessary to find the heat capacity for solutions with dissolved solids. A quick estimation method was proposed by Dimoplon in 1972. The proposed expression is:Cp(soln) = W1 Cp(solid) + W2 Cp(water)Eq. (1)where:Cp(soln) = Heat capacit...
Tank Blanketing Basics Covered
Nov 08 2010 01:40 PM | proinwv in Safety and Pressure Relief
Tank blanketing, or padding, refers to applying a cover of gas over the surface of a stores commodity; usually a liquid. Its purpose is either to protect or contain the stored product or prevent it from harming personnel, equipment, or the environment....
Understanding Compressible Flow
Nov 08 2010 01:40 PM | rxnarang in Fluid Flow
Understanding the flow of compressible fluids in pipes is necessary for a robust design of process plants. The main difference between incompressible fluid, like water, and compressible fluid, vapor, is the greater change in pressure and density. This...
Steam Tracing with MS Excel
May 24 2012 06:50 PM | adelange in Heat Transfer
Heat tracing is used to prevent heat loss from process fluids being transported in process fluid pipes, when there is risk of damage to piping, or interference with operation such as fouling or blockage, caused by the congealing, increase in viscosity, or separation of components, in the fluid below certain temperatures, or when there is risk of formation of corrosive substances or water due to condensation in corrosive services.
Centrifugal Pumps: Basic Concepts of Operation,...
Nov 08 2010 11:30 AM | Mukesh Sahdev in Fluid Flow
The operating manual of any centrifugal pump often starts with a general statement, "Your centrifugal pump will give you completely trouble free and satisfactory service only on the condition that it is installed and operated with due care and is prope...
Using Equivalent Lengths of Valves and Fittings
Nov 08 2010 01:20 PM | pleckner in Fluid Flow
One of the most basic calculations performed by any process engineer, whether in design or in the plant, is line sizing and pipeline pressure loss. Typically known are the flow rate, temperature and corresponding viscosity and specific gravity of the f...
Hollow Fiber Membranes
Nov 08 2010 01:20 PM | Chris Haslego in Separation Technology
Membrane separation processes has become one of the emerging technology which undergo a rapid growth during the past few decades. It has drawn the world attention especially in the separation technology field, one of the chemical engineers' specialty w...
Fume Control and Scrubbing on Hydrochloric Acid...
Nov 08 2010 01:20 PM | Chris Haslego in Process and Reactions
New standards for hydrochloric acid emissions are expected to be proposed by the EPA soon, and these will affect the design of scrubbers for pickle line fume exhaust systems. This paper discusses hydrochloric acid fume scrubbing, with particular refere...
Ammonia: The Next Step
Nov 08 2010 01:20 PM | Guest in Process and Reactions
Steam reforming of hydrocarbons for ammonia production was introduced in 1930. Since then, the technology has experienced revolutionary changes in its energy consumption patterns. Ranging from an early level of 20 Gcal/tonne (79.4 MBtu/tonne) to about...
Making Decisions with Insulation
Nov 08 2010 12:30 PM | Chris Haslego in Heat Transfer
Many people overlook the importance of insulation in the chemical industry. Some estimates have predicted that insulation in U.S. industry alone saves approximately 200 million barrels of oil every year.
While placing insulation onto a pipe is f...
SpecifyingA Liquid-Liquid Heat Exchanger
Nov 07 2010 06:00 PM | Chris Haslego in Heat Transfer
As an engineer, specifying heat exchangers for procurement is an important step in the successful execution of any heat transfer or energy conservation project. Early recognition that there are many different heat transfer technologies available can he...
Experienced Based Rules of Chemical Engineering
Nov 08 2010 01:00 PM | Chris Haslego in Calculations and Tips
Experience is typically what turns a good engineer into a great engineer. An engineer that can look at a pipe and a flowmeter and guess the pressure drop within 5%. Someone who can at least estimate the size of a vessel without doing any calculations....
A Students Guide to Refining
Nov 08 2010 01:20 PM | Chris Haslego in Energy
Distillation is the first step in the processing of crude oil and it takes place in a tall steel tower called a fractionation column. The inside of the column is divided at intervals by horizontal trays. The column is kept very hot at the bottom (the c...
Correlations for Convective Heat Transfer
Nov 08 2010 01:20 PM | bspang in Heat Transfer
In many cases it's convenient to have simple equations for estimation of heat transfer coefficients. Below is a collection of recommended correlations for single-phase convective flow in different geometries as well as a few equations for heat transfer...
U in Heat Exchangers
May 10 2012 08:19 AM | bspang in Heat Transfer
Typical values of U are useful for quickly estimating the required surface area. The literature has many tabulations of such typical coefficients for commercial heat transfer services.
Pneumatic Conveying Design
Nov 08 2010 01:00 PM | Chris Haslego in Bulk Solids
One of the most popular methods of moving solids in the chemical industry is pneumatic conveying. Pneumatic conveying refers to the moving of solids suspended in or forced by a gas stream through horizontal and/or vertical pipes. Pneumatic conveying ca...
Refinery Planning and Optimization
Nov 08 2010 01:10 PM | Mukesh Sahdev in Energy
Modern optimization techniques have challenged organizations to rethink the way they conduct business both internally and externally, i.e. how efficiently and effectively their entire supply chain is managed. Supply Chain Management (SCM) is one such b...
Basics of Industrial Heat Transfer
Nov 08 2010 01:30 PM | Chris Haslego in Heat Transfer
Heat transfer is one of the most important industrial processes. Throughout any industrial facility, heat must be added, removed, or moved from one process stream to another. Understanding the basics of the heart of this operation is key to any enginee...
Crystallization
Nov 08 2010 01:30 PM | Chris Haslego in Separation Technology
Crystallization refers to the formation of solid crystals from a homogeneous solution.?? It is essentially a solid-liquid separation technique and a very important one at that. Crystals are grown in many shapes, which are dependent upon downstream proc...
Keeping Ejectors Online
Nov 08 2010 01:30 PM | Chris Haslego in Utilities
Steam jet ejectors offer a simple, reliable means of producing vacuum, and have a low installed cost as well. They are commonly found in process plants having available steam. The vacuum produced is useful for many processes, including evaporation, coo...
Forms of Corrosion
Nov 08 2010 01:20 PM | Chris Haslego in Maintenance and Repair
Corrosion is costly!If you doubt this, then you probably have never been bitten by the "corrosion bug".Imagine specifying Titanium for 10 brand new heat exchangers or reactors and later realizing that the processing stream has fairly high concentra...